What is an ozone isopleth?
Isopleths (lines of constant value) of the maximum ozone concentrations can be constructed by connecting points that correspond to various initial conditions. Each point on a particular isopleth represents the same ozone concentration.
What is VOC-limited?
When the rate of OH production is less than the rate of production of NOx, ozone production is VOC-limited. In urban areas with a high population concentration, ozone is often VOC-limited. Ozone is generally NOx-limited in rural areas and downwind suburban areas.
How does VOC affect ozone?
When VOCs are released into the atmosphere, they react with nitrogen oxides (NOx) to create ozone molecules. UV radiation from the sun speeds up the reaction, which is why ground-level ozone production is higher on hot, sunny days.
Is ozone a VOC?
Ozone is a secondary pollutant Rather it is created through the combination of other pollutants (precursors), such as nitric oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in the presence of sunlight. This is why ozone levels are generally higher in the summer compared to the winter.
Who is most at risk from exposure to ozone?
People most at risk from breathing air containing ozone include people with asthma, children, older adults, and people who are active outdoors, especially outdoor workers.
Are CFCS VOCs?
The VOC’s that may cause stratospheric ozone depletion are mostly a chlorine-containing group of compounds known as Chloroflourocarbons or CFC’s. They gradually release chlorine and other halogens into the stratosphere. These compounds are generally not significant precursors in the production of ground level ozone.
How do you prevent VOCs?
How can I help reduce emission of VOCs to the air?
- Avoid using aerosol consumer products such as hairsprays, air fresheners, deodorants, and insecticides that often use VOCs as their propellants.
- Replace solvent-based paints with water-based paints.
- Avoid using VOC-containing products such as organic cleaning solvents.
Is there a computer program for ozone isopleth?
A computer program has been developed to provide users of EKMA with an easy, reliable, efficient and versatile means of constructing ozone isopleth diagrams. This program is called the Ozone Isopleth Plotting Package, or O^IPP. OZIPP allows explicit consideration of transport, different emission patterns, etc.
What’s the purpose of the ozone isopleth plotting package?
This program is called the Ozone Isopleth Plotting Package, or O^IPP. OZIPP allows explicit consideration of transport, different emission patterns, etc. The purpose of this manual is to describe the computer program, the associated input requirements, the information generated and the procedures for executing the program.
How are re-SULTs used to create ozone isopleth?
The re- sults of multiple simulations are used to produce an ozone isopleth diagram tailored to particular cities.
How does ozipp calculate maximum one hour average ozone concentrations?
OZIPP calculates maximum one-hour average ozone concentrations given a set of input assumptions about initial precursor concentrations, light in- tensity, dilution, diurnal and spatial emission patterns, transported pollutant concentrations, and reactivity of the precursor mix.